May originate from the common carotid artery or a common trunk together with the facial and superior thyroid arteries. The lingual artery helps supply blood to the tongue, salivary glands, soft palate, palatine tonsils, and muscles attached to the hyoid bone. Moving along the superior border of the hyoid bone, it then passes between the hyoglossus and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle before turning upwards and bifurcating into the deep lingual and sublingual arteries. CourseĪscends within th e carotid triangle towards the hyoid bone before descending to form a loop crossed by the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII). The anterior surface of the external carotid artery at the level of the C3 vertebrae. May originate from the internal carotid or occipital artery. The ascending pharyngeal artery helps supply blood to the pharynx, palatine tonsils, eustachian tube, tympanic membrane, dura mater, and the hypoglossal (XII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X) nerves. It terminates when it anastomoses with the facial artery’s ascending palatine branch and the vertebral artery’s ascending cervical branch. CourseĪscends vertically between the internal carotid artery and the pharynx until it reaches the undersurface of the base of the skull. The medial side of the external carotid artery near the carotid bifurcation. May originate at the carotid bifurcation or the common carotid artery. The superior thyroid artery helps supply blood to the thyroid, muscles of the larynx, and muscles of the neck. Travels inferiorly towards the thyroid gland, parallel with the thyrohyoid muscle’s lateral border. Stems anteriorly from the external carotid artery at the level of the hyoid bone. Branches of the external carotid artery Superior thyroid artery Origin These can be remembered using the anatomy mnemonic: Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students. The external carotid artery divides into eight different branches: However, variations involving the location of the common carotid bifurcation have been documented, with it occurring as high as the hyoid bone and as low as the cricoid cartilage. Most variation of the ECA is with its branches. Pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X).The external carotid artery’s size diminishes as it courses superiorly and gives off five branches along its journey before terminating at the parotid gland with its last two branches: the maxillary artery and the superficial temporal artery. The external carotid artery originates from the bifurcation of the common carotid artery at the level of the thyroid cartilage. The course of the external carotid artery In contrast, the external carotid artery ascends in the lateral neck within the carotid sheath, eventually supplying blood to the neck, head, and face areas. The internal carotid artery enters the cranial cavity via the carotid canal. The common carotid arteries ascend the neck bilaterally and bifurcate at the level of the thyroid cartilage, dividing into the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery. The common carotid artery arises from the aortic arch on the left and the brachiocephalic trunk on the right. The external carotid artery (ECA) is one of the two main divisions of the common carotid artery. You might also be interested in our Anatomy Flashcard Collection which contains over 2000 anatomy flashcards in addition to advanced features such as spaced repetition.
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